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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of a digital concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first instance of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset category that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment method based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important feature is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of dedicated servers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the double spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional top article system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys value relative to other people. Holders of the currency (and especially citizens with very little alternative) bear the cost.
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Together with bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle every hour, and will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been reached. This creates bitcoin more attractive as an asset in concept, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory operate in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the ability to send them.
In practice, every user is identified by the address of their wallet. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their customers before they are allowed to purchase or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. If a transaction is recorded on the network, and if more than an hour has passed, it's not possible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet some, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 with an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.